Recall from Chapter 11 that the polar front separates cold polar air from warmer subtropical air at around 60° latitude. Mid-latitude Frontal Cyclonesįollowing the Norwegian model, the development of a mid-latitude cyclone begins along the polar front. Satellite image of an extratropical cyclone over the UK ( CC BY 2.0). First we will look at how a mid-latitude cyclone develops at the surface, and then we will look at how the surface evolution is affected by the winds aloft. It was eventually modified and today provides a way to describe the structure, weather, and evolution of a moving cyclonic storm system in the mid-latitudes. It became known as the Polar Front Theory of a developing wave cyclone. This model proposed a life cycle for the development of mid-latitude cyclones, and was mostly based on surface observations. Shortly after World War I, Vilhelm Bjerknes, Jakob Bjerknes, Halvor Solberg, and Tor Bergeron published their Norwegian Cyclone model. Tropical cyclones will be the focus of a later chapter. These storm systems are either called mid-latitude frontal cyclones, extratropical cyclones, wave cyclones, or simply frontal cyclones. The focus of this chapter is cyclonic storm systems that form in the mid-to-high latitudes outside of the tropics. This is due to the fact that winds blow from high to low pressure, but are deflected by the Coriolis force (perpendicular to the right of the motion vector in the Northern Hemisphere, left in the Southern Hemisphere). Recall that a cyclone is an area of low pressure, around which winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. However, it wasn’t until the early 1900’s that atmospheric scientists began piecing together a more complete picture of how low pressure systems develop, as well as the weather associated with them. Introductionįor well over a century, forecasters have been aware that areas of falling barometric pressures are often accompanied by precipitation and strong winds. Satellite image of a mid-latitude cyclone over North America ( Public Domain). Discuss the relationship between sea level pressure, high and low pressure systems, air columns and mass budgets as a closed system.Understand the hazards associated with mid-latitude cyclones.Sketch the frontal systems involved in a mid-latitude cyclone.Identify areas on a map where mid-latitude cyclones are common, and explain why they move where they do.SWFI is a minority-owned organization.By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: SWFI facilitates sovereign fund, pension, endowment, superannuation fund and central bank events around the world. Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute (SWFI) is a global organization designed to study sovereign wealth funds, pensions, endowments, superannuation funds, family offices, central banks and other long-term institutional investors in the areas of investing, asset allocation, risk, governance, economics, policy, trade and other relevant issues. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms of use agreement which includes our privacy policy. All material subject to strictly enforced copyright laws. No affiliation or endorsement, express or implied, is provided by their use. Other third-party content, logos and trademarks are owned by their perspective entities and used for informational purposes only. Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute® and SWFI® are registered trademarks of the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. © 2008-2023 Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute.
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